Leonberger

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY: At the end of the thirties, beginning of the forties of the 19th century, Heinrich Essig, town Councillor in Leonberg near Stuttgart, crossed a black and white Newfoundland bitch with a so-called “Barry” male from the monastery hospice Grand St.Bernhard. Later a Pyrenean Mountain Dog was added. This resulted in very large dogs with predominantly long, white coats. Essig’s aim was for a lion-like dog. The lion is the heraldic animal of the city of Leonberg.
The first dogs really called “Leonbergers” were born in 1846. They combined the excellent qualities of the breeds from which they stemmed.
Only a short time later, many of these dogs were sold as status symbols from Leonberg all over the world. At the end of the 19th century, the Leonberger was kept in Baden-Württemberg as the preferred farm dog. His watch and draft abilities were much praised. In both World Wars and the needy post war times, the numbers of breeding stock reduced dramatically.
Today the Leonberger is an excellent family dog which fulfills all the demands of modern life.

GENERAL APPEARANCE: According to his original purpose, the Leonberger is a large, strong, muscular yet elegant dog. He is distinguished by his balanced build and confident calmness, yet with quite lively temperament. Males, in particular,are powerful and strong.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: Height at the withers to length of body: 9 to 10. The depth of chest is nearly 50% of the height at withers.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT: As a family dog, the Leonberger is an agreeable partner for present day dwelling and living conditions, who can be taken anywhere without difficulty and is distinguished by his marked friendliness towards children. He is neither shy, nor aggressive. As a companion, he is agreeable, obedient, and fearless in all situations of life.
The following are particular requirements of steady temperament:
• Self-assurance and superior composure.
• Medium temperament (including playfulness).
• Willing to be submissive.
• Good capacity for learning and remembering.
• Insensitive to noise.

HEAD: On the whole deeper than broad and elongated rather than stocky. Proportion of length of muzzle to length of skull: about 1 to 1. Skin close fitting all over, no wrinkles.

CRANIAL REGION:
Skull: In profile and seen from the front, slightly arched. In balance with body and limbs, it is strong but not heavy. The skull at its back part is not substantially broader than near the eyes.
Stop: Clearly recognisable but moderately defined.

FACIAL REGION:
Nose: Black.
Muzzle: Rather long, never running to a point; nasal bridge of even breadth, never dipped, rather slightly arched (roman nose).
Lips: Close fitting, black, corners of lips closed.
Jaws/Teeth: Strong jaws with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, the upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth without any gap, and teeth set square to the jaw with 42 sound teeth according to the dentition formula (missing M3 tolerated). Pincer bite is accepted, no constriction at the canines in the lower jaw.
Cheeks: Only slightly developed.

EYES: Light brown to as dark brown as possible, medium size, oval, neither deep set, nor protruding, neither too close together nor too wide apart. Eyelids close fitting, not showing any conjunctiva. The white of the eye (the visible part of the sclera) not reddened.

EARS: Set on high and not far back, pendant, of medium size, hanging close to the head, fleshy.

NECK: Running in a slight curve without break to the withers. Somewhat long rather than stocky, without throatiness or dewlap.

BODY:
Withers: Pronounced, especially in males.
Back: Firm, straight, broad.
Loins: Broad, strong, well-muscled.
Croup: Broad, relatively long, gently rounded, flowing to merge with tail set on; never overbuilt.
Chest: Broad, deep, reaching at least to the level of the elbows. Not too barrel shaped, more oval.
Underline and belly: Only slightly tucked up.

TAIL: Very well furnished; while standing, it hangs down straight; also, in movement it is only slightly curved, and if at all possible, should not be carried above the prolongation of the topline.

LIMBS: Very strong, especially in males.

FOREQUARTERS:
General appearance: Forelegs straight, parallel and not too close. Shoulders / Upper arm: Long, sloping, forming a not too blunt angle, well muscled.
Elbows: Close to the body.
Pastern: Strong, firm; seen from the front, straight; almost vertical, seen from the side.
Forefeet: Straight (turning neither in nor out), rounded, tight, toes well arched; black pads.

HINDQUARTERS:
General appearance: Seen from the rear, position of the hind legs not too close, parallel. Hocks and feet: turned neither in nor out.
Pelvis: Slanting.
Upper thigh: Rather long, slanting, strongly muscled. Upper and lower thigh form a distinct angle.
Hocks: Strong, distinct angle between lower thigh and rear pastern. Hind feet: Standing straight, only slightly longish. Toes arched; pads black.

GAIT / MOVEMENT: Ground covering even movement in all gaits. Extending well in front with good drive from the hindquarters. Seen from front and behind the limbs move in a straight line when walking or trotting.

COAT
Hair: Medium soft to coarse, profusely long, close fitting, never parted with the shape of the whole body be visible despite the thick undercoat. Straight, slight wave still permitted; forming a mane on neck and chest, especially in males; distinct feathering on front legs and ample breeches on hind legs.
Colour: Lion yellow, red, reddish brown, also sandy (pale yellow, cream coloured) and all combinations in between, always with a black mask. Black hair tips are permitted; however, black must not determine the dog’s basic colour.
Lightening up of the basic colour on the underside of the tail, the mane, the feathering on the front legs and the breeches on the hind legs must not be so pronounced as to interfere with the harmony of the main colour. A small white patch or stripe on the chest and white hairs on the toes are tolerated.

SIZE:
Height at the withers:
Dogs 72 to 80 cm (recommended average 76 cm). Bitches 65 to 75 cm (recommended average 70 cm).

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:
• Aggressive or overly shy dogs.
• Any dog clearly showing physical of behavioural
abnormalities.
• Severe anatomical faults (i.e. pronounced cow hocks,
pronounced roach back, bad swayback; front feet turning out extremely. Totally insufficient angulation of shoulder, elbow, stifle or hock joints.
• Brown nose leather.
• Very strong lack of pigment in lips.
• Absence of teeth (with the exception of M3). Over- or
undershot or other faults in mouth.
• Eyes without any brown.
• Entropion, ectropion.
• Distinct ring tail or too highly curled up tail.
• Brown pads.
• Cords or strong curls.
• Faulty colours (brown with brown nose and brown pads; black and tan; black; silver; wild-coat colour).
• Complete lack of mask.
• Too much white (reaching from toes onto pasterns), white on
chest larger than palm of hand, white in other places).

N.B.:
• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles
fully descended into the scrotum.
• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed
typical conformation should be used for breeding.